建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)是一(yi)個復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，涉及面廣，與勘查設計(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)、監理、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)，政府執法(fa)監督等(deng)眾多部門存在(zai)密切的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)聯。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)期長、投(tou)資(zi)大、對(dui)設備和材料、施工(gong)(gong)技術、產品質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求高。產品質(zhi)量(liang)如不合格(ge)則嚴重(zhong)影響使用，甚至威脅人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命安全(quan);在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，進度、質(zhi)量(liang)、投(tou)資(zi)、安全(quan)四者(zhe)之間存在(zai)著(zhu)對(dui)立統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，除氣(qi)候條(tiao)件、地質(zhi)文水(shui)等(deng)自然條(tiao)件外，任何參建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處置不當都(dou)會(hui)影響進度、質(zhi)量(liang)、投(tou)資(zi)、安全(quan)等(deng)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)如期實現，造(zao)成不同程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。因此在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，施工(gong)(gong)企業如何盡量(liang)減少本(ben)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失，分清責任，使其他(ta)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)對(dui)本(ben)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失得到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)補償，對(dui)提(ti)高經濟效益，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設和諧社(she)會(hui)具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實意義。而正確合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用索賠是達到(dao)這(zhe)個目的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段之一(yi)。
一、正確認識建筑施(shi)工索賠
建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中發生的(de)現象，在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)履行過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，當事人一(yi)(yi)方由于非自(zi)身的(de)責任或原因而(er)遭受損(sun)失(shi)時(shi)，根據(ju)法律法規(gui)及有(you)關慣(guan)例，對不應由自(zi)己承(cheng)擔責任的(de)情況所造(zao)成的(de)損(sun)失(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)向(xiang)另一(yi)(yi)方提(ti)出(chu)賠(pei)(pei)償的(de)要求(qiu)。由此可(ke)見，建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)是(shi)雙(shuang)向(xiang)的(de)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位可(ke)向(xiang)業(ye)主(zhu)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)，業(ye)主(zhu)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)向(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)。一(yi)(yi)般習慣(guan)上將施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位向(xiang)業(ye)主(zhu)提(ti)出(chu)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)簡稱為(wei)(wei)“索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)”，而(er)將業(ye)主(zhu)向(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位提(ti)出(chu)的(de)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)簡稱為(wei)(wei)“反索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)”。建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)管(guan)理(li)的(de)內容之一(yi)(yi)，它(ta)應以(yi)(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)的(de)依據(ju)，同(tong)時(shi)結(jie)合(he)(he)法律法規(gui)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)具體情況等。對業(ye)主(zhu)和(he)(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)雙(shuang)方而(er)言，正確認識(shi)和(he)(he)運用建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)維護雙(shuang)方合(he)(he)法利益。進一(yi)(yi)步加強雙(shuang)方互相(xiang)交(jiao)流合(he)(he)作(zuo)，它(ta)有(you)利于培養和(he)(he)完(wan)善業(ye)主(zhu)及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)市(shi)場(chang)意識(shi)，促進管(guan)理(li)水平的(de)提(ti)高，最終提(ti)高建(jian)筑(zhu)產品(pin)質量，繁榮(rong)建(jian)設市(shi)場(chang)，達到業(ye)主(zhu)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位共贏。
二、索賠(pei)的(de)重要性
隨著市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷發展和(he)完善(shan)，當前建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)爭日益(yi)激烈，為了在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)勝，承(cheng)接到更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法之一(yi)(yi)，就是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低(di)(di)報價(jia)，以便在(zai)(zai)招標(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處于(yu)有利(li)(li)(li)地(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。根(gen)據筆者多(duo)年參加(jia)有關重(zhong)大(da)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)評審的(de)(de)(de)(de)體會(hui)，對(dui)(dui)大(da)多(duo)數項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)而(er)(er)(er)言，低(di)(di)價(jia)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)因素(su)之一(yi)(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)低(di)(di)價(jia)必然(ran)會(hui)降(jiang)低(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)，也帶來了一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian);在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著各種風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。從而(er)(er)(er)使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)下降(jiang)甚至虧(kui)損(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面，這是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不愿看到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。為了提(ti)高(gao)效益(yi)，把(ba)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)降(jiang)到最低(di)(di)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)取(qu)得(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)后，就要(yao)設法降(jiang)低(di)(di)成本(ben)、提(ti)高(gao)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)空間。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)把(ba)好(hao)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)談判和(he)簽(qian)訂(ding)關，仔細(xi)研究(jiu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)條款，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有關爭端(duan)解決條款有利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)自(zi)己;二是(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)強(qiang)管理，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)確認識(shi)和(he)運(yun)用建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)極為重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理。根(gen)據有關資料(liao)統(tong)計，國際承(cheng)包(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)達到合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%左右，個別(bie)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)最高(gao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)額達到合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以上。由此可見，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性和(he)作用之大(da)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)若正(zheng)(zheng)確掌(zhang)握了索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，在(zai)(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)根(gen)據合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)精神、注重(zhong)搜集有關證據，掌(zhang)握有關索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)巧(qiao)，把(ba)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作做好(hao)，就可以提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)。正(zheng)(zheng)確認識(shi)和(he)運(yun)用建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)，還(huan)有利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)損(sun)失轉移(yi)給(gei)業(ye)主或適合(he)(he)承(cheng)擔該風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)三方(fang)。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)也是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價(jia)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)手段之一(yi)(yi)，是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)正(zheng)(zheng)當、合(he)(he)法取(qu)得(de)利(li)(li)(li)潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法之一(yi)(yi)，也是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競(jing)(jing)爭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)得(de)有利(li)(li)(li)地(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證。
因(yin)此(ci)施(shi)(shi)工企業應當重視建筑工程施(shi)(shi)工索賠管理，加強索賠意(yi)識，做(zuo)好(hao)索賠管理對建筑業的(de)(de)健(jian)康發展。施(shi)(shi)工企業提(ti)高建筑工程項目管理業務(wu)的(de)(de)能力和(he)水平，承接更多的(de)(de)工程，提(ti)高經濟效益，實現(xian)(xian)可持續發展，都具(ju)有十分重要(yao)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實意(yi)義。
三(san)、成功進行索賠的幾(ji)點認識(shi)
建筑工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)索(suo)賠(pei)是施(shi)工(gong)管理中一項極其重要(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)作，有關人員應在充分掌握現場(chang)情況，施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu)及合同(tong)精神的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，具備較高的(de)(de)索(suo)賠(pei)理念及能(neng)力，要(yao)依據(ju)合同(tong)，重視索(suo)賠(pei)證據(ju)、講究索(suo)賠(pei)策略、技巧和方法，才(cai)能(neng)取得應有的(de)(de)索(suo)賠(pei)效(xiao)果(guo)。
1、要培養一批知識面廣、經驗豐富、善于協調和談判(pan)的人(ren)員。
為應對復雜、細致、艱(jian)巨的(de)索(suo)賠(pei)工作，要培養一批有(you)寬廣知識面、有(you)豐富(fu)索(suo)賠(pei)經(jing)驗的(de)造(zao)價工程師(shi)(shi)、建造(zao)師(shi)(shi)、會計師(shi)(shi)、律師(shi)(shi)等專業(ye)(ye)人員。這些人要有(you)良好的(de)職業(ye)(ye)道德(de)、掌(zhang)握過硬的(de)施工技術(shu)、思維正確(que)、邏輯推(tui)理能力(li)強，懂得索(suo)賠(pei)的(de)戰略(lve)和策略(lve)、技巧，具有(you)較強組(zu)織能力(li)、協(xie)調和公(gong)關(guan)能力(li)，對企業(ye)(ye)負責，各(ge)司其職，互相配(pei)合，齊心協(xie)力(li)。
2、正確定(ding)制索賠(pei)策略
索(suo)賠策略應本著施工(gong)企業(ye)當年利益(yi)和長遠利益(yi)，全(quan)局(ju)利益(yi)和局(ju)部利益(yi)相統一(yi)的原則來制定(ding)。要明確建筑施工(gong)企業(ye)的索(suo)賠目標(biao)(biao)，第要達到的索(suo)賠目標(biao)(biao)，按難易程度分析(xi)實現的可能性，從而確定(ding)索(suo)賠策略，抓住(zhu)索(suo)賠機會，在索(suo)賠有效期(qi)內提出相應的索(suo)賠。
要充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)慮和照(zhao)顧(gu)業(ye)(ye)主的利益，力爭(zheng)通(tong)過協商及談判在(zai)(zai)友(you)好的氣(qi)氛(fen)中進行，盡(jin)(jin)量不(bu)應索(suo)賠(pei)而損害雙方的合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)關系。對(dui)理(li)由充(chong)分(fen)而重要的單(dan)(dan)項索(suo)賠(pei)應盡(jin)(jin)早與業(ye)(ye)主協商解決，施工單(dan)(dan)位應在(zai)(zai)爭(zheng)取到(dao)自己利益的同時(shi)兼(jian)顧(gu)業(ye)(ye)主利益，在(zai)(zai)業(ye)(ye)主愿意接受索(suo)賠(pei)的情況下(xia)適可而止，不(bu)要得寸(cun)進尺、漫(man)天(tian)要價，以達到(dao)雙贏的效(xiao)果。要采取在(zai)(zai)索(suo)賠(pei)成功的同時(shi)能與業(ye)(ye)主進行新的項目合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)的策略，要使業(ye)(ye)主覺得你(ni)的企業(ye)(ye)是講道(dao)理(li)，以便繼續(xu)開拓新的業(ye)(ye)務(wu)，不(bu)要斤斤計(ji)較，以小失大，使建設單(dan)(dan)位感覺你(ni)的企業(ye)(ye)是非常難(nan)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，從而失去應有的市場。
施工企業(ye)在索賠(pei)時(shi)還要善于“公關”，力爭取得設計單位(wei)(wei)、監理單位(wei)(wei)、政府(fu)有關管理部門(men)等(deng)相關單位(wei)(wei)的同(tong)(tong)情和支持(chi)，利用他們(men)對業(ye)主進(jin)行(xing)的影(ying)響，同(tong)(tong)他們(men)搞好(hao)關系，讓他們(men)做個“老娘舅”，從(cong)中進(jin)行(xing)調解，使索賠(pei)盡快取得良好(hao)效果。
協(xie)(xie)商(shang)談判事先應(ying)(ying)做(zuo)好充分的(de)準備，對(dui)(dui)將會出現(xian)的(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)事先做(zuo)好分析。把(ba)握業主心理，定制自己相應(ying)(ying)的(de)對(dui)(dui)策。協(xie)(xie)商(shang)、談判應(ying)(ying)把(ba)握要害，并使得(de)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)、談判在(zai)友好、和諧的(de)氣氛(fen)中進(jin)行，既要據(ju)理力爭，又要適當(dang)妥協(xie)(xie)、機動靈活，在(zai)堅持原則的(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下達(da)到目的(de)。
3、注意(yi)索(suo)賠方法
一個有經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)，在投標(biao)(biao)報價時，就要(yao)(yao)仔細(xi)研讀招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)，在編(bian)制投標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)時，對將(jiang)來(lai)可能發生的(de)(de)(de)問題要(yao)(yao)有所估計。把握好招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)規定，掌握項目情況，探(tan)索(suo)(suo)(suo)可能索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)。施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好記錄，做(zuo)(zuo)好索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)證據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)收集，并請業(ye)主(zhu)及監理工(gong)程師等有關(guan)(guan)(guan)人員及時確認(ren)，保存好業(ye)主(zhu)、監理單位、設計單位等部門有關(guan)(guan)(guan)人員簽字的(de)(de)(de)會議紀要(yao)(yao)，保存好與(yu)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)單位往來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)件(jian)、信函等，做(zuo)(zuo)到處理索(suo)(suo)(suo)賠(pei)時事(shi)實充(chong)分、數據(ju)客觀正確。
在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)合(he)(he)同簽訂(ding)時，施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)應選派精(jing)兵(bing)強將(jiang)，仔細研(yan)究合(he)(he)同的(de)每一條(tiao)款(kuan)，盡量有利于自己，為索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)打下(xia)堅實(shi)基礎(chu)。對業(ye)主開脫責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)條(tiao)款(kuan)應予重(zhong)視，如對不(bu)可預見的(de)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)問題、付款(kuan)方(fang)式，爭議的(de)解決等。要注意(yi)在(zai)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)事件(jian)發生后28天內向(xiang)監理(li)工(gong)程師發出“索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)意(yi)向(xiang)通知(zhi)書”。“索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)意(yi)向(xiang)通知(zhi)書”發出后，在(zai)28天內報送證(zheng)據資料和索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)計(ji)算(suan)及索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)論證(zheng)，提交索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)報告。索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)方(fang)法和索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)費用要有理(li)有據，索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)價(jia)格(ge)要合(he)(he)理(li)，以免讓業(ye)主反(fan)(fan)感，不(bu)予解決，甚至提醒業(ye)主進行“反(fan)(fan)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)”，不(bu)僅得不(bu)到索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)，反(fan)(fan)而使業(ye)主有足(zu)夠的(de)證(zheng)據“反(fan)(fan)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)”成(cheng)功(gong)，“賠(pei)(pei)(pei)了夫人又折(zhe)兵(bing)”，造成(cheng)重(zhong)大損失。
要力爭簡單的單項索賠(pei)，以便容易解(jie)決(jue)，及時(shi)得到補(bu)償(chang)，爭取(qu)到一點是一點，對(dui)復雜、難(nan)解(jie)決(jue)的總索賠(pei)先放一放，實在(zai)難(nan)解(jie)決(jue)也可(ke)考(kao)慮放棄。
要力爭(zheng)友好(hao)解決(jue)索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)，防止對立。索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)協(xie)商談判時(shi)出(chu)現爭(zheng)端是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常的，施工(gong)方要頭腦冷靜(jing)保(bao)持理智，防止因態(tai)度惡劣等原因而(er)激化矛盾，爭(zheng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)友好(hao)協(xie)商、談判解決(jue)爭(zheng)端，成(cheng)功(gong)索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)得(de)利(li)潤。盡量(liang)不要提請(qing)仲裁或起訴。監理工(gong)程師(shi)是(shi)公正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)客觀的中介機構人員，施工(gong)企業(ye)要搞好(hao)同(tong)監理單位(wei)的關系，爭(zheng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)監理工(gong)程師(shi)客觀公正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)裁決(jue)，這也能使(shi)索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)工(gong)作朝有利(li)于(yu)自己的方向發展，使(shi)索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)得(de)成(cheng)功(gong)。
四、結束語
建(jian)筑工程施工索(suo)賠是施工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)取(qu)得利潤的(de)手(shou)段和方法之一，但建(jian)筑施工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要運(yun)用(yong)恰當、有理(li)有節，要視具體情況靈活運(yun)用(yong)。筆(bi)者(zhe)認為索(suo)賠運(yun)用(yong)要適度，不要因(yin)為在某些(xie)具體項目上運(yun)用(yong)索(suo)賠取(qu)得了良(liang)好的(de)效(xiao)益，而過多地(di)使用(yong)索(suo)賠以致影響了企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)聲譽和形象。在某些(xie)地(di)區和系統，建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位因(yin)施工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)過于使用(yong)索(suo)賠而對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)望而生畏，拒絕合作(zuo)，最終(zhong)使企(qi)(qi)業(ye)喪(sang)失(shi)建(jian)筑市場。